Удосконалення наукових основ моделювання динамічних процесів ліквідації прихоплень бурильного інструмента

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена удосконаленню техніки і технології механічних способів ліквідації прихоплень бурильного інструмента, що базується на використанні енергії, яка накопичується в бурильній колоні внаслідок дії удару або вібрацій. У дисертаційній роботі розроблено методику інтерполяції кривої розподіленого прихоплення за геофізичними промисловими даними це-ментограм, кавернограм і товщинограм. Створено математичні моделі динаміки ліквідації прихоплень бурильного інструмента механічними способами у вертикальних та похило-скерованих свердловинах. Авторкою запропоновано новий спосіб фрикційних автоколивань для ліквідації прихоплень бурильного інструмента при бурінні свердловин. За результатами досліджень запропоновано методику раціонального вибору основних геометричних пара-метрів, визначення фізичних характеристик та місця розташування механічного яса і осцилятора. Результати проведених досліджень лягли в основу програмного комплексу для проведення досліджень динамічних процесів вивільнення прихопленого бурильного інструмента способом фрикційних автоколивань, ударним та вібраційним способами. Розроблено нові конструкції випрямляча стовбура свердловин, шарошкового калібратора та двох пристроїв для усунення прихоплень, а також Інструкцій щодо застосування ударних механізмів і осциляторів.

Диссертация посвящена усовершенствованию техники и технологии ме-ханичных способов ликвидации прихватов бурильного инструмента, которые базируются на использовании энергии, накапливаемой в бурильной колонне вследствие удара или вибрации. В диссертационной работе разработана методика интерполяции кривой распределённого прихвата по геофизическим промышленным данным цементограмм, кавернограмм и толщинограмм. Созданы математические модели динамики ликвидации прихватов механическими способами в вертикальных и наклонно-направленных скважинах. Автор предложила новый способ фрикционных автоколебаний для ликвидации прихватов бурильного инструмента при бурении скважин. По результатам исследований предложена методика рационального выбора основных геометрических параметров, определения физических характеристик и места установки механического яса и осциллятора. Результаты проведённых исследований послужили основанием программного комплекса для проведения исследований динамических процессов, возникающих при освобождении прихватов бурильного инструмента способом фрикционных автоколебаний, ударным и вибрационным способами. Разработаны новые конструкции выпрямителя ствола скважин, шарошечного калибратора и двух устройств для ликвидации прихватов, а также Инструкций для использования ударных механизмов и осцилляторов.

The dissertation is devoted to the improvement of technique and technology a mechanical methods of elimination the stuck tools, based on the use an energy accumulated in the drilling string due to impact or vibration. To solve the tasks in the dissertation, the following methods were used methods: mathematical modelling dynamic systems; wave theory and the theory of local deformations; approximation — interpolation Lagrange and Chebyshev polynomial; computational mathe-matics; methods of organization computer systems for simulation a complex dynamic objects. The method a calculating the location and boundaries the stuck a drilling tool, depending on their type, is given. There was generalized accumulated statistical material and industrial data on the effectiveness the use an impact and vibration devices, the choice of their physical parameters for the release the stuck drilling string in rocks with different mechanical properties. The dissertation has developed mathematical models for removing stuck by mechanical methods for different layouts of the drilling string in vertical and direction wells, with mechanical devices that do not require the disassemble the drilling string, and with integrated ones. The method a determination the rational basic geometrical parameters, physical characteristics and location a mechanical jar and oscillator are proposed. Numerical experimental studies the influence of parametric and physical characteristics for combined systems have been carried out: ‘drilling rigimpact mechanism−rock’ and ‘drilling rig−vibrating mechanism−rock’ on the effectiveness of eliminating accidents. The study a dynamic process of oscillatory motion a stuck drilling string with impact mechanism is based on the application a numerical methods of the solution and methods of mathematical and functional analysis. The author chose the methods a conducting research are: Hertz’s, taking into account the elastic deformation of the contact zone of the buoy and the anvil, and Saint-Venant’s, taking into account the elastic deformation of not only the contact zone, but also the drilling pipes. In order to increase the impact impulse, it is suggested, due to the duration of the impact, to be fitted into a weighted drilling pipe the shock absorber. For such a mechanical system, research was carried out to improve the performance the mechanical jars. The dependences the main impact characteristics on the parameters and location of the shock absorber are determined. The results of the conducted research served as the basis for the author’s development in co-authorship the devices for removing stuck during drilling. As a result of studies the process a transferring by vibration device the oscillation to the location the stuck drilling string, were developed recommendations for the use oscillators for eliminate the stuck drilling pipes. In order to carry out parametric studies, mathematical models of a drilling string with a vibration device installed from above, as well as with a built in into it, were developed. A mathematical model allowed building with sufficient precision amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics, transferring functions the mechanical oscillation system. In addition, the influence the place installation of the vibration device on the speed of the release the drilling tool was determined. The author proposes a new way an eliminating the stuck drilling pipes during drilling oil and gas wells by the method of frictional self-oscillations. The algorithm for calculation a fluctuations multivariate constructions of a stuck drilling string with variable elastic-inertial parameters is developed. The need to smooth the vibrations the drilling pipes caused by loads that hold the drilling string was analyzed and substantiated. The influence an important indicators perturbation of vibrations on the effectiveness the liquidation of stuck is determined on the basis the analysis of the influence different modes of lifting the drilling string from the well. It is shown how variations in speed and frequency of oscillations the trailing rope on the hook tune motion intervals and rest, the force of pulling the stuck pipe. When drilling deep, super-deep, directional wells and, especially, horizontal, it is extremely important to reduce the stress-strain state of the drilling string, to provide trouble-free operation in extreme loads that have to be applied in the event emergence an accident. The developed recommendations allow us to choose the method for eliminating the stuck, taking into account the stress-strain state of the metallic drilling pipes. Recommendations on the choice the type of mechanical devices and the mode of their work are developed to accelerate and reduce the cost the release of the drilling string. The new technical solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of job mechanical devices in wells are well-known and offered. On the basis of which developed guidance documents and recommendations for choosing the parameters and location of these devices to reduce the duration and cost of liquidation the most severe accidents. The theoretical investigations obtained in the work became the basis for next practical results: development a complex of technical and technological solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency the application of mechanical methods for the release a stuck drilling tool in wells; the development and introduction into practice instructional documents for elimination a accident which regulating the use the impact and vibration devices; the development and transmission to research and development works at the level of inventions devices for the elimination stuck a drilling tool by mechanical means.